|
''Halictus ligatus'' is a species of sweat bee from the family Halictidae, characterized by those bees that mine or burrow into the ground to create their nests.〔bee. (2013). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/58219/bee〕 Moreover, As a member of the Halictidae, ''H. ligatus'' is commonly categorized a sweat bee due to its attraction to the salts of human perspiration. ''H. ligatus,'' like ''Lasioglossum zephyrum''〔Batra, S. W. T. 1966. The life cycle and behavior of the primitively social bee Lasioglossum zephyrum (Halictidae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 46:359–423.〕'','' is a primitively eusocial bee species, for which aggression is one of the most influential behavioral attitudes for establishing hierarchy within the colony.〔1. Pabalan, N., K.G. Davey, and L. Packer. "Escalation of Aggressive Interactions During Staged Encounters in Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), with a Comparison of Circle Tube Behaviors with Other Halictine Species'." ''Journal of Insect Behavior'' 13.5 (2000): 627-650.〕 Furthermore, as a eusocial bee, ''H. ligatus'' participates in both reproductive division of labor as well as overlapping generations in order to ensure that offspring may assist parents in brood care .〔 In addition, most individuals are small to medium in size, ranging from three to ten millimetres in length 〔"Sweat Bee," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2007〕 These bees may be metallic or non-metallic in appearance and are one of the most abundant species other than the Apis or honeybee.〔Michener CD. 1994. pp. 134-141. The Bee Genera of North and Central America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC. 304 pp.〕 == Taxonomy & Phylogeny == ''Halictus ligatus'', commonly known as a sweat bee, was originally described by Say in 1837.〔1. Carman, Geoffrey M., and Laurence Packer. "A cryptic species allied to Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) detected by allozyme electrophoresis." ''Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society'' (1996): 168-176.〕 The genus name ''Halictus'' refers to a group of sweat bees of the family Halictidae and order Hymenoptera known for their eusocial behavior and unique underground burrowed nesting.〔Danforth, Bryan N. "Evolution of sociality in a primitively eusocial lineage of bees." ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' 99.1 (2002): 286-290〕 This family includes the Halictinae'','' Nomiinae'','' Nomioidinae'','' and Rophitinae subfamilies. Within Halictidae'','' the subfamily Halictinae is unique for the substantial diversity in social behavior exhibited among species or within species, such as in ''H. rubicundus''. For instance, species of this subfamily may exhibit either solitary nesting, communal nesting, cleptoparasitism, social parasitism, or primitive eusociality similar to ''H. ligatus.''〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Halictus ligatus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|